The international IEC 61850 standard defines a framework for substation
communications networks and systems. The standard consists of several parts
ranging from the requirements on substation automation systems to the details of a
communication protocol.
One major difference between the other communication protocols applied in
substation automation and IEC 61850 is that the latter is not only a communication
protocol, but a whole framework for specifying, engineering and operating
substation automation systems. The communication part covers the connection
between the IEDs and the substation clients, for example, SCADA and gateways.
The IEC 61850 standard specifies an expandable data model and services for
substation automation (standard parts 7-x). The standard does not specify any
protection or control functions, but specifies how the functions expose their
information to a communication network.
The standard supports free allocation of functions to devices. With efficient
communication facilities, the functions can be located anywhere in the system, that
is, an interlocking function can reside in the IED or on the station level.
Additionally, the standard is open for different system implementations, that is,
different integration levels and allocation of functions to different devices is
supported.
The standard also defines an XML description language for substation automation
systems. The language facilitates efficient integration of devices into systems in an
automated fashion. Additionally the standard supports a comprehensive and
consistent system definition and engineering, which makes not only the devices,
but also their tools and systems interoperable (standard part 6).
The standard uses Ethernet and TCP/IP for communication. Since Ethernet and TCP/
IP are widely accepted and used, the application of these technologies provide a
broad range of features from mainstream communication (standard parts 8-1. 9-2).
However, IEC 61850 is also open for possible new communication concepts in the
future.
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